Enhancing Employer Attractiveness: The Impact of COVID-19 on Generation Z

This paper investigates how employer attractiveness has been affected by developments in the attitudes, values, and goals of Generation Z (born between 1995-2010) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research shows the challenging environment for employers who are increasingly facing a 'war for talent' and the need to focus on generational needs and expectations. Work concepts in many cases have been adapted to Generation Y, but a revision of strategies is needed for the newest generation on the labour market. The insurance industry has long struggled to attract young talent and along with retail, logistics, tourism, and banking has been ranked the lowest in employer attractiveness by Generation Z. This is corroborated by the fact that larger corporations are also often perceived as unattractive by young people. While many industries have struggled with the consequences and challenges of the pandemic, the insurance sector can be seen as having mastered the crisis comparatively well. This paper questions whether the relative job security offered by the insurance sector, can be increasingly influential in post pandemic job choices. Since Generation Z was already described as securityoriented before the pandemic, this is expected to have increased as a result of COVID-19 and be reflected in their career and employer choices. The perspectives of Generation Z and employers from the German insurance industry are compared through survey and interview data. The young cohort suspects a worsening of their situation particularly in job offerings and security. At the same time, the insurance industry positions itself well in exactly these areas. Furthermore, the aspirations and expectations of Generation Z towards the professional world coincide strongly with the offerings of insurers as employers. However, the respondents see the sector's image as a deterrent. Although this paper focuses on the insurance industry, strategic recommendations given on how the sector can position itself, are relevant for other sectors facing the challenge of attracting Generation Z employees. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

Digi-cultural mindset

With this chapter, we want to provide a reading experience on how digitalization not only evokes a technical transformation but is also strongly related to a company's culture. Talking about digital transformation, there is more to consider than alignment between IT and business functions. We want to arouse interest in the reader to discover their organization's value system and provide triggers toward the development of a digi-cultural mindset. We will dive deeper into the stages of change and provide a target vision with ideas on how to master a transformation journey. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.

Factors Contributing to Recommendation Intention of Foreign Tourists in Times of Crisis: A Moderated Moderation Analysis

Purpose - As a leading source of foreign exchange and investment, tourism has grown in importance as a component of international trade. Accordingly, in recent decades much attention has been directed toward attracting foreign tourists and, in turn, positively affecting the recommendation intentions of foreign tourists. Despite such interests, there remains a dearth of empirical research on this issue. Moreover, prior research has focused primarily on the simple main effect of a certain factor on recommendation intentions. Therefore, the present study aims to (1) investigate the effect of overall satisfaction on the recommendation intentions of foreign tourists, and (2) examine the potential moderating effects of personal factors (i.e., age and destination image) on the association between overall satisfaction and recommendation intention. Design/methodology - Using a moderated moderation analysis of the data drawn from the 2018 International Visitor Survey conducted by the Korea Tourism Organization, this study proposes the three-way interaction effects of overall satisfaction, age, and destination image on recommendation intention. Findings - The findings of the study indicate that overall satisfaction is positively associated with recommendation intention and this relationship becomes stronger among younger tourists. The findings further indicate that the moderating effect of age on the relationship between overall satisfaction and recommendation intention depends on changes in the image of the destination. Specifically, the destination image exerts a positive moderating impact on the influence of age that moderates the overall satisfaction and recommendation intention relationship. Originality/value - Considering that the tourism economy has been severely affected by the current COVID-19 pandemic, this study contributes to a more accurate understanding of the factors affecting the recommendation intention, especially in times of crisis.

To reach sustainable justice with Millennials: example of Ukraine(1)

Sustainable development became an essential part of our world since we realized the fragility and limits of our system, dangerous of resource exhaustion, and insistently looking for the way to stabilyze our life and life of our descendents, to restrict risks of collapses. Last years' catastrophes - the pandemic of COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine, both are still existed, show us undoubtedly that we have to be more careful using our resources and develop our relations in economics and politics. In this article authors made an attempt to reconsider the approaches to understanding judiciary in Ukraine, using the new coordinates - generation born since 1980 till 1996 so called Millennials (generation Y), dictating new requests to life, and, in our opinion, to justice and judiciary development. Analysis of the impact of Millennials (generation Y) on the development of the judicial system is a complex process for a number of reasons. First, the lack of formal information about the age of the parties makes it impossible to substantiate the conclusions with empirical data. Secondly, despite some generalized traits, the characteristics of Millennials differ depending on the region and country of origin, which determines their economic, social, political, and cultural differences A striking example of this are the ex-Soviet Union's states. In majority of these countries, Millennials have become the first generation sufficiently aware of their rights, the legal ways to protect them and the role of the court as an effective tool for such protection. Their formation was accompanied by the changes in ideology, political regime and economic instability. In this article authors argue how Millennials change the judiciary in the ex-Soviet society, taking into account the specifics of the latter. The study suggests two interrelated aspects: the impact of Millennials on the development of the court as consumers of judicial services;the impact of Millennials, who come to work in the judicial system, as judges. The article substantiates the necessity of modernization of the courts, which is associated with the high technology of this generation and its vital need for information, as well as their consumerization aimed to create more sustainability justice and to answer the request of Millennials by changes of goals, by limits of expenses and by introducing the culture of peaceful and strong institutions in judiciary.

COVID-19, social identity, and socially responsible food consumption between generations.

Introduction: The objective of the research was to analyze the effect of COVID-19 with the predictors of the health belief model (perceived severity, perceived benefits, and cue to action) on the social identity of the consumer and the social identity of the socially responsible food consumption among four generation groups of adults based on the stimulus-organism-response model. Methods: The study had a quantitative approach explanatory design and a cross-sectional temporal dimension. A total of 834 questionnaires were collected from adults in the metropolitan area of Mexico City, and the data were analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: The results indicated that perceived severity, perceived benefits, and cue to action positively and significantly influenced social identity, and this positively and significantly influenced socially responsible consumption. In addition, identity was found to be a variable that had a total mediation effect between perceived severity and socially responsible consumption, perceived benefits and socially responsible consumption, and cue to action and socially responsible consumption. While the perceived barriers only had a direct effect on socially responsible consumption. Likewise, a difference was found between generation X and Y, generation Z and X, and generation Y and X in the relationship between cue to action, belonging to a social network group, and social identity. Discussion: In this sense, these results allow us to consider that when environmental stimuli (predictors of the health belief model) affect the organism (social identity), it will respond with socially responsible food consumption. This type of consumption is explained through social identity and is modified according to the age of the consumers due to the effects of social networks.

Travel behaviour differences among Indonesian youth in Generations Y and Z: pre-, during and post-travel

Purpose: This study aims to explore the differences in the travel behaviour of Indonesian youth of Generations Y and Z in the pre-, during and post-travel stages and their associated use of information and communication technology. Design/methodology/approach: Data were gathered through a questionnaire that was distributed via the internet for six weeks;569 people provided their full responses. Chi-square tests and linear regression were used for data analysis. Findings: These generations use digital media and word of mouth differently when searching for travel information. The differences are also apparent in the pre-, during and post-travel stages. Generation Z tends to use digital media and share travel experiences through a certain social media platform more frequently than Generation Y. Research limitations/implications: This study covers the travel history prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic and equalises the situation in these two periods. The number of samples was relatively small to capture the current population of both generations. Practical implications: This study promotes a new understanding of the travel behaviours of the two generations based on the stages of the travel examined. The findings suggest that the travel industry can distinguish between promotional media and types of services to serve each of the generational cohorts more effectively. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to reveal differences in travel behaviour between Generations Y and Z in Indonesia. © 2022, Janianton Damanik, Tri Kuntoro Priyambodo, Moh Edi Wibowo, Putu Diah Sastri Pitanatri and Suci Sandi Wachyuni.

The impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Purchasing Priorities of Generation X and Y Consumers

This paper presents the second part of the research conducted at Riga Technical University aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Generation X (Gen X) and Generation Y (Gen Y) consumer behavior and purchasing priorities. While the changes in consumer behavior have already been analyzed and published earlier [1], the changes in purchasing priorities which might have caused changes in consumer behavior, are going to be studied in this work. The choice of these two generations is not made randomly;on the contrary, it was an intentional selection among other consumers, as they make a very active and prominent part of buyers all over the world. The research methods used are comparative descriptive analysis, Chi-square test and qualitative content analysis of data collected in an electronic survey of respondents from Asia, Europe, and America. The findings show that statistically significant differences between the changes in purchasing priorities of both generations are found for: meat and dairy products, fruit & vegetables, non-alcoholic and alcoholic drinks, clothes & shoes, body care & cosmetics, entertainment (pay TV services, computer games, etc.) and transport. Altogether, purchasing priorities of Gen X consumers were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic less than Gen Y consumers. Copyright 2022. © by the International Institute of Informatics and Systemics. All rights reserved.

Practical Implications of the Millennial Generation's Consumer Behaviour in the Food Market.

Generational theory assumes that generational cohorts develop similar attitudes and beliefs. The Generation Y/Millennials group is currently one of the most important generations in the market as they have a presence in the labour market with a high income of their own, which creates higher demand for products, especially in the food market which is very sensitive to consumer decisions. The aim of this study was to show the consumer behaviour of Generation Y in the market for innovative food products and to propose marketing models created on the basis of research on a Polish sample of Millennials. The research was conducted in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic on a group of 544 selected respondents. Descriptive statistics of the SPSS program were used to process the results obtained. Among the most important of the results was identifying the decision-makers who are purchasing innovative products and the influence of third parties on their decision. In the first instance, consumers look for innovative food products in large retail chains (hypermarkets and supermarkets), however, they pay attention to both the quality of the products on offer and the price. Values such as freshness and taste also play a role in their purchasing decisions. Sources of information about innovative products in the Polish food market include culinary blogs recommending innovative products, and the opinions of dieticians and nutritionists.

Occupational stress among Generation-Y employees in the era of COVID-19: cases from universities in India

Purpose: Several organizations decided to work remotely after the Indian Government proclaimed a state of emergency on March 24, 2020, to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Employees across all industries, particularly the Generation-Y, were stressed as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. The purpose of this study is to fills that gap by looking at the effects of occupational stress factors (such as coworker support, work–life balance [WLB] and role expectation conflict) on Generation-Y employees in the educational sector during COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach: The causes and consequences of the three occupational stresses listed above were investigated. In total, 231 surveys from workers at private and public educational institutions in India were analyzed using partial least square-structural equation modeling analysis. Findings: The results revealed that support from coworkers greatly reduced job stress, the WLB had a positive impact on the work and personal lives, and the lack of role specification in Generation-Y employees had a negative impact on their job performance. Originality/value: This study has considered the occupational stress variables among Generation-Y in the era of COVID-19, which need attention to improve the performance of the academic sector. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Vaccine knowledge among Generation Y Malays in Pulau Pinang: A pilot study

The increasing spread of infectious diseases in Malaysia has resulted the topic of vaccine acceptance and rejection is gaining traction in academia. the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic undoubtedly has manifested the never-ending debate of the topic of immunisation both academically and in public discourse. Thus, it is appropriate and timely to delve deeper into the ideas, norms, and values that influence people's health preferences and behaviour, particularly in vaccination. This study concerns on the perceived and actual vaccine knowledge of Generation Y Malays aged 25 to 40 years old in Pulau Pinang. It is critical to understand the public discussion vaccines within the framework of social interaction - how vaccines are portrayed and publicly understood. A pilot study was conducted prior to this to evaluate the procedure for participant recruitment, the data collection processes and the usability of the survey questionnaire. The improvements made to the instrument and methodology before beginning the main research study on vaccine knowledge among Malaysians in Pulau Pinang were made in an attempt to contribute to the body of research in this area.

Cash and Non-cash Payments for In-Store Purchases During the COVID-19 Pandemic – Similarities and Differences Between Generation X and Generation Y Consumers. Case of Poland

The changes brought to retail as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic have forced an adjustment in consumer shopping behaviour. In addition to keeping distance, wearing masks, gloves and using disinfectant fluids, buyers were asked to forgo paying for the purchases with cash and use payment cards or mobile devices. The purpose of this paper is to identify similarities and differences in payments for grocery purchases in stationary retail shops during the COVID-19 pandemic by two consumer age cohorts, generations X and Y (Millennials). To compare the payment behaviour of the two generations, a CAWI survey was conducted during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey sample consisted of 650 individuals. Based on the variables for the three forms of payment (cash, payment cards and mobile payments), that buyers made in five types of shops (discount, supermarket, hypermarket, convenience shop and branch shops such as bakery and retail vegetable/fruit supply), a cluster analysis (Ward's method) was conducted. Four types of consumers were identified in each generation. The following similarities were found in payment behaviour in stationary retail outlets: In both generations, consumers most often pay for purchases by card and in each of them, a group using this form of payment almost exclusively can be distinguished. In contrast to Generation Y, otherwise known as the Millennials, Generation X includes customers who most often pay for the purchases in cash. Among Millennials, on the other hand, it is possible to identify consumers who prefer to use mobile payments and occasionally pay in cash. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

What makes Gen Y and Z feel stressed, anxious and interested in doing social tourism when pandemic?

The pandemic leap continues and only makes things worse. Sharp criticism continues to pour in about what measures it can put in place to reduce the social crisis. Although some have accused the restrictions of being relaxed (lockdown), it does not improve human nature, which instinctively requires communication with partners, family, and co-workers. This study has a target to uncover the relationship between stress and anxiety on social tourism interest. We invited the 321 respondents to be surveyed online. The characteristics of the response involved cross-age, namely generations Y and Z (17 to 40 years) from 15 provinces in Indonesia. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) applied to the AMOS program to interpret the data. Statistical tests found that stress and anxiety levels had no significant effect on social tourism interest. Other results prove an important difference if altruistic value increases social tourism interest significantly. From empirical moderation, altruistic value actually plays a significant role in the relationship between stress and anxiety levels in social tourism interest. The respondents have emotional resilience in the face of COVID-19. Finally, the novelty, contribution, and implications of the research is comprehensively disclosed. A follow-up agenda could investigate these findings in order to improve upon the limitations of the study.

Changes in Generations X and y Consumer Behavior Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study analyses the changes in consumer behavior caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The emphasis is laid on the comparative analysis of respondents of highly active purchasing ages who represent Generation X (39-58) and Generation Y (18- 38). The set of research methods used in this study consists of comparative descriptive analysis, qualitative content analysis, and Chi-square test of quantitative and qualitative data collected in an electronic survey of 982 respondents from different countries of Asia and Europe. It was revealed that the main changes in consumer behavior are conditioned by personal finances and safety & health related measures intensified during the pandemic. © by the International Institute of Informatics and Systemics.

Closer together or further apart? Values of hero generations Y and Z during crisis

Purpose>Drawing upon cohort theory, the age-period-cohort framework and the portrait value system, this paper aims to examine differences in basic human values between generations Y and Z as they are shaped by recent major events (most importantly the COVID-19 pandemic).Design/methodology/approach>Hypothesized differences between values of generation Y and Z were tested using a content analysis of recent articles (Study 1) and an online survey through a prolific crowdsourcing website (Study 2).Findings>This research finds that while both generations value universalism and benevolence, Generation Y is more likely to conform and follow traditions while Generation Z values stimulation, hedonism and achievement more. The top two COVID-19 concerns for both groups were the health of others and financial security. Generation Y is more concerned about the economy while Generation Z is more worried about uncertainty in their future.Research limitations/implications>This paper provides insight into how the current environmental crisis has shaped the values of generations Y and Z and offers an understanding of the similarities and differences in values between these two generations.Practical implications>The findings have direct implications for the design of products/services and for the creation of effective marketing communications to reach these two consumer groups.Originality/value>This research is novel in identifying the basic human values of generations Y and Z as they are shaped by recent events such as the most recent economic recession and COVID-19.

Generation and government level differences in public employees' self-directed learning readiness

Training and development professionals need to know to what extent different generations within a multigenerational workforce are ready to self-direct their learning. The purpose of this quantitative comparative study was to examine differences in U.S. government employees' self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) by generation (Baby Boomers born between 1946-1964, Generation X individuals born between 1965-1980, and Generation Y individuals born between 1981-1999) and by government level (local, state, and federal). Malcolm Knowles's definition of SDL provided the foundation for the study. The researcher collected primary data via an online survey from a convenience sample of 226 employees, using Guglielmino's (1978) self-directed learning readiness scale. Three research questions addressed the main and interactive effects of employee generation and government level on SDLR. The results of the two-way ANOVA found no statistically significant main or interactive effects. However, descriptive statistics indicated that the highest levels of SDLR shifted from older employees at the local government level to younger employees at the state level and the youngest employees at the federal level: Baby Boomers in local government (M = 131.18);Generation X in state government (M = 134.75);and Generation Y in federal government (M = 134.48). If confirmed by future research, these descriptive findings suggest the need for differentiated training for self-directed learning. The findings of this study cannot be considered conclusive due to the convenience nature of the sample, data collection during the atypical COVID-19 period, and possible desirability bias in the survey participants' responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

The Moderating Effect of Compassionate Mindfulness on the Psychological Needs and Emotions of Generation Y in the 21st Century in Taiwan.

During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan, 6.5% of Generation Y required medical treatment for emotional and stress-related mental disorders. This study explores the moderating effect of mindfulness training on psychological needs and emotions to propose effective measures to promote the mental health of Generation Y. This study was carried out by questionnaire, using the data of respondents born in 1980-1999, collected in three different periods for quantitative analysis with compassionate mindfulness as the main variable. The results show that the compassionate mindfulness effect on emotion regulation varies greatly among different educational levels. However, it still plays a positive role in the psychological needs of Generation Y. Most members of Generation Y who receive compassionate mindfulness training have fewer basic needs and more interpersonal trust. They pay more attention to individual-oriented self-realization. Compassionate mindfulness has a greater positive moderating effect on the mental health of women aged 30-39 and those who are highly educated. Compassionate mindfulness has a more positive moderating effect on the psychological needs of members of Generation Y who were born more recently. During the COVID-19 pandemic, providing compassionate mindfulness has a significant positive effect on the prevention of mental disorders of Generation Y in Taiwan.

Exploring the level of sustainability awareness among consumers within the fast-fashion clothing industry: a dual business and consumer perspective

Purpose>Adding to competitive dynamics and sustainability literature, this paper aims to examine the implementation of environmental protection and sustainability initiatives within the European fast-fashion clothing industry from the perspectives of Generation X and Y consumers. The study primarily investigates whether consumers’ level of environmental consciousness impacts their purchase decisions and consumption behaviour and the consequent strategic competitiveness effects on businesses.Design/methodology/approach>The methodological approach relied on multiple data collection methods. In the first stage of the study, the researchers analysed the content of the official websites of two of Europe’s leading fashion firms. In the second stage, a quantitative research approach was aimed at revealing the perceptions, attitudes and purchase behaviour of Generation X and Y consumers towards the two fashion houses and their brands.Findings>Although European fashion manufacturers invest in sustainability and engage in environmental protection, their marketing efforts need to be more effectively managed and targeted towards their target consumer markets. The level of engagement and sensitivity of each generational group towards sustainability issues varies. Each group’s environmental consciousness, motivation and response is shaped by distinct characteristics, which, in turn, create implications for the effectiveness of sustainability efforts towards differentiation and competitiveness. Overall, consumers engage in environmental initiatives but ignore the corporate initiatives pursued by the two fashion firms and did not view them as sustainable brands.Originality/value>The study explores the effectiveness of sustainability and environmental protection orientation as business competitive strategies in the light of environmental turbulence and social changes impacting the fast-fashion clothing industry and its relationships with its consumer markets.

Communication satisfaction in a multigenerational workforce

This research aimed to understand what communication methods leaders use when supervising multigenerational groups of employed U.S. workers best impact their satisfaction levels. Building an efficient multigenerational workforce team is an essential task for leaders in the post-Great Recession era. Methods and modes of communication have advanced and changed over time. The comprehension and satisfaction of understanding these various styles of communication are essential to leading a multigenerational workforce. The participants` included employed male and female adults from 18 and upwards who were both managers and nonmanagers. The study sought to answer the following research question: To what extent does communication satisfaction differ between generation cohorts (traditionalists, baby boomers, Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z)? Data were collected by participants answering the Downs-Hazen communication satisfaction questionnaire and demographic questions designed to group them into generational cohorts. The data elicited the communication methods used at the participants' place of employment. The study's findings included no significant communication satisfaction differences among the various communication methods concerning their generational cohort membership. The demographic analysis did provide results that the younger generations' employers utilized more social media and electronic forms of communications. These results can assist leaders in business issues to maintain a cohesive workforce and encourage knowledge transfer. Future research recommends repeating this study when the COVID 19 pandemic ends because the pandemic has significantly modified traditional workplace communication methods. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Strengthening the Trialability for the Intention to Use of mHealth Apps Amidst Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Recent advancements in mHealth apps and services have played a vital role in strengthening healthcare services and enabling their accessibility to marginalized people. With the alarming rise in COVID-19 infection rates around the world, there appears to be an urgent call to modernize traditional medical practices to combat the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the key factors influencing the trialability of mHealth apps/services and behavioral intention to adopt mobile health applications. The study also examines the moderating effects of self-discipline motivation, knowledge, and attitude on the relationship between trialability and behavioral intention to use. The deductive reasoning approach was followed in a positivism paradigm. The study used convenience sampling and collected responses from 280 Generation Y participants in Bangladesh. Partial least square-based structural equation modeling was employed. The results revealed that relative advantage (ß = 0.229, p < 0.05), compatibility (ß = 0.232, p < 0.05), complexity (ß = -0.411, p < 0.05), and observability (ß = 0.235, p < 0.05) of mHealth apps influence the trialability of mHealth apps and services among users. Trialability compatibility (ß = 0.425, p < 0.05) of mHealth was positively related to the behavioral intention to use these mobile apps. The study found no moderating effects of attitude (ß = 0.043, p > 0.05) or self-discipline motivation (ß = -0.007, p > 0.05) on the hypothesized relationships. The empirical findings of this study may facilitate the development, design process, and implementation of mHealth applications with improved features that can lead to high user acceptance among Generation Y during future health crises.